How to do things

As the devoted touchstone. How many profound construes atomic minute 18 in the succeeding(a) quantities? Calculations with significant figures move If the showtime digit to be dropped is 4 or less, then it and all side by side(p) digits argon simply dropped from the number If the first digit to be dropped is 5 or greater, then the last detained digit is change magnitude by 1 (I. E. Round up). 4. 2349 4. 2379 10. 010 10. 016 propagation and Division The nett answer in the calculation should take the same number of significant figures as the musical rhythmment with the fewest(prenominal) significant figures. Addition and Subtraction The final answer in the calculation should curb the same number of denary places as the measurement with the fewest decimal places.Solve apiece of the following calculations and give an answer with the plant number of decimal places or significant figures. 45. 48 CM + 8. 057 CM = 1. 008 L 0. 58596 L 45. 7 x 0. 034 0. 00278 x 5 00 x 185 2. 40 / (4+ 125) = (3. 64 0. 070) / 0. 00035 Conversion Factors Conversion factors atomic number 18 apply to change from one unit to another. Density, military, move per million (pimp), parts per billion (BP), percentages, OLDS determine are roughly examples of reincarnation factors. 1. 00 indium = 2. 54 CM is another mutation factor (metric to English and v screwball versa).Study refer You do not fatality to rook conversion factors. HOWEVER you should know how to import all the conversion factors listed above. Use the selective information on Table 1. 8 on page 21 and the table on the back of the textbook cover to straighten out C. F. Problems. A ewe examples of calculations using conversion factors 1. A soulfulness who weighs 175 pounds is 8% consistency fat. How many pounds of fat does the person have? 2. The OLDS (or Lethal Dose that devours 50% of the essay population Which are rats) protect is a measure of a substances toxicity. The lower the prise the mo re than toxic the substance.EVERY chemical has an OLDS value How many MGM of caffeine will kill a 175 pound person if the OLDS of caffeine is 192 MGM/keg? 3. How many liters of olive oil are in 30. 0 g if the density of the oil is 0. 92 g/ml at 25 co? (Density is a C. F. Used to win over mass to volume for a naiant). * contend How many goof blow outoline are in 40. 1 gallons? Density The tally of mass in a tending(p) volume for any substance. D =m/v Specific Gravity A ratio of the density off liquid to the density of pissing. This is a ENTITLES number. Density and indeed particularised sombreness vary with temperature.Liquids pose viscous when cooled and thin out when heated. A Hydrometer is employ to measure the specialized gravitational force of liquids like beer, urine, inkiest dyes and other substances. The specialized gravity of urine can be a quick indicator of genuine health problems Reduced specific gravity diabetes insipid certain renal distempers intempera nce fluid intake diabetes mellitus Raised specific gravity dehydration adrenal insufficiency nephritis congestive cardiac-failure liver disease Constant specific gravity degenerative renal disorder This brew-master in figure 1. 3 is using a hydrometer to determine the progress of fermentation. Why does ice float? Study Goals for Chapter 1 deliver quantities in scientific notation (and fault versa) Identify the amount of significant figures in a measurement Use conversion factors to change units in a quantity Understand the importance of specific gravity readings of urine ENERGY Everything in the earthly concern is either matter or zipper Matter Anything that has mass and occupies space. Solids, liquids, gases, atoms, and even subatomic particles (protons, neutrons and electrons). Energy The ability to do work.Two master(prenominal) categories of slide fastener Potential Energy Stored nothing such as forage, gasoline, wood introductory to burning, irrigate at the top of a dam, TAP (the bodies energy source) etc. energizing Energy Energy of motion such as running (burning carbohydrates and fat), driving a car (burning gasoline or hydrogen), water flowing over a dam, a campfire, etc. Electromagnetic Radiation (light energy) patent light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, microwaves, X- says are any(prenominal) examples of electromagnetic energy. As matter gets littler (I. E. Approaching the bottom of the pyramid of life), it starts to have a bun in the oven like energy.Matter is nothing more than nonionized energy Check out the subscribe What the Bleep Do We Know For more on this subject of matter and energy. heating system Temperature Units of Energy The SSL unit for energy is the watt second 0), a derived unit. The older and more unwashed unit is the large calorie (Cal). 1 calorie = 4. 184 J Energy and Nutrition For amount the amount of energy in provender or burned during exercise, the calories (aka nutriment calorie) is single-value d functiond and is abbreviated C. When you read a designate on a box of victuals the amount of energy is in forage calories. 1 C = 1,000.Cal How do we measure the amount of C in food? Burn it in a calorimeter When food is ignited and burned, the heat warms the water in the surrounding combustion chamber. The energy given off by the food is relative to the temperature change of the water and can be easily calculated. Please memorize the following conversion factors You should leave this class astute how much energy is in individually food type. How many C are in 6. 0 oz of ground kicking which contains 45. 0 Goff protein and 1 1. 0 g of fat? What are the main functions of fats, proteins and carbohydrates in the body?More on this at the end of the course. Temperature Conversions Table 2. 5 Celsius to yard -arc + 273 Celsius to Fahrenheit -arc = (TFH 32)/ 1. 8 No need to memorize these, Just know how to use them properly. Normal body temperature is 96. 8 98. 6 OF. Deviations outside of this range begin to fumble body functions. Therefore, accurate readings to one decimal place are necessary. Specific warmheartedness is the amount of heat undeniable to pinch the temperature of 1. 0 grams of any substance scarcely 1 co. Every substance absorbs heat, some more than others. Water has an extremely soaring heat capacity.In the reverse military operation (freezing) energy (heat) is lost. Why do you get dispirit when you exit the shower? modify of dehydration = Energy needed to convert 1. 0 Goff a liquid into a gas (or vapor). L to V, energy is absorbed by the liquid. V to L, energy is lost by the vapor. Heat mass X Heat of vaporization Hap for water = 540 cal/g. Of water Heat of Fusion = Energy needed to convert 1. 0 Goff a unhurt into a liquid. Heat = (mass) (Heat of fusion) Some substances go directly from the solid to the vapor phase. This process is called sublimation. Dry ice (CA), iodine (12), camphor, and menthol are examples.