Positive Impacts on Tourism during the Fifa 208 in Russia in Coursework

Positive Impacts on Tourism during the Fifa 208 in Russia in friendliness organizations - Coursework Example A 2018 world cup advantage the cordiality business of Russia is one of those nations profiting by the travel industry and in 2018 FIFA world cup, it will encounter anomalous returns in its friendliness industry since it is relied upon to record the most noteworthy number of visitors ever (Kusluvan, 2003). Hence, Russia will profit in such ways as, it will wind up with 15 world-class arenas after the occasion; more than one hundred inns are right now under development inferring development of the cordiality business and increment of income, which will at long last lift the GDP of the nation. Let’s experience what occurred in Brazil during the 2014 FIFA world cup. Brazil friendliness industry recorded increments in its lodging incomes (Siobhan, 2014). The all out spending hit records in Brazil when worldwide voyagers burned through US$188M on Visa accounts. This was a 152 percent expansion year over year meaning the quantity of fans additionally expanded contrasted with the past figure of 2010 FIFA world cup in south Africa (Du and Maennig, 2011). There was a triple-digit ascend in spending in different host urban areas contrasted with the past period. Quite a bit of these augmentations were recorded by inns, emergency clinics and other human-caring offices. For example, the quantity of travelers who showed up in Brazil in 2012 was 5.7 million however it was anticipated that the number would be 10.2 million with a 3% expansion for Rio 2014. Along these lines, given the normal for example room pace of $461 during the long periods of June and July, it is evaluated that $4.7022 income will be gathered. Without a doubt, lodgings enormously advantage when the quantity of sightseers in a surrendered nation goes. This is on the grounds that it is unavoidable to eat and locate a decent resting spot to go through the night while anticipating the accompanying day’s exercises. Rio de Janeiro, one of the FIFA facilitating urban communities in Brazil, recorded attractive neighborliness incomes in its history on account of holding the FIFA world cup last match. Settlement turned out being an issue

Affirmative Action Essay example -- essays research papers

Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is the nation’s most yearning endeavor to change its long history of racial and sexual segregation, anyway in current occasions and roughly forty years after the foundation of this strategy, society is tormented with the issues of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is essential, regardless of whether it is an advantage or burden to society, and why it prompts rather then facilitates the nation’s inward difficulties after such a significant number of long stretches of having been as a result. In the accompanying passages the issues encompassing this discussion, for example, what is the meaning of governmental policy regarding minorities in society, how and why governmental policy regarding minorities in society was set up in the first place, who is influenced by this approach, regardless of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is as yet fundamental in today’s societ y or if such strategy ought to be discarded, and, at last, potential goals to this difficulty, will be evaluated, starting with the clarification of how governmental policy regarding minorities in society came to fruition. In March l96I, under two months after President John F. Kennedy got to work, he gave an Executive Order (10925), which set up the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Its strategic to end separation in work by the administration and its temporary workers. The request required each government agreement to incorporate the promise that "The Contractor won't victimize any representative or candidate for work due to race, statement of faith, shading, or national cause. The Contractor will make confirmed move, to guarantee that candidates are utilized, and that workers are treated during business, regardless of their race, belief, shading, or national origin." (QUOTE) Here just because the administration called for "affirmative action." Soon, from there on the Civil Rights Act of 1964 repeated and expanded the use of this standard with the Title VI, which proclaimed that "No individual in the United States will, on the ground O r race, shading or national starting point, be barred from cooperation in, be prevented the advantages from claiming, or be exposed to segregation under any program or action getting government budgetary assistance." But inside one year President Lyndon B. Johnson contended that reasonableness required in excess of a pledge to unbiased treatment. In his 1965 beginning location at Howard University, he stated: "You don't take an individual who for a considerable length of time has been limped by chains and free him... ...us endeavor to change its long history of racial and sexual separation, anyway in present day times and around forty years after the foundation of this approach, society is tormented with the issues of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is essential, regardless of whether it is an advantage or hindrance to society, and why it instigates rather then facilitates the nation’s inside difficulties after such huge numbers of long periods of having been as a result. In the accompanying passages the issues encompassing this discussion, for example, what is the meaning of governmental policy regarding minorities in society, how and why governmental policy regarding minorities in society was built up in any case, who is influenced by this strategy, regardless of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is as yet fundamental in today’s society or if such approach ought to be discarded, and, at last, potential goals to this situation. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is the extension between changing the laws and changing the way of life. The extreme conservative would have us accept that ladies and ethnic minorities acquire less on the grounds that we don't fill in as hard or we're not as brilliant. That basically isn't the situation. Laws have changed, however separation continues. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society just opens entryways, ladies and non-white individuals need to stroll through those entryways without anyone else. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society Essay model - expositions look into papers Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is the nation’s most eager endeavor to review its long history of racial and sexual separation, anyway in present day times and around forty years after the foundation of this strategy, society is tormented with the issues of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is vital, regardless of whether it is an advantage or burden to society, and why it instigates rather then facilitates the nation’s inward difficulties after such a large number of long stretches of having been in actuality. In the accompanying sections the issues encompassing this discussion, for example, what is the meaning of governmental policy regarding minorities in society, how and why governmental policy regarding minorities in society was built up in any case, who is influenced by this approach, regardless of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is as yet essential in today’s society or if such arran gement ought to be discarded, and, at last, potential goals to this quandary, will be looked into, starting with the clarification of how governmental policy regarding minorities in society happened. In March l96I, under two months after President John F. Kennedy got to work, he gave an Executive Order (10925), which built up the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Its strategic to end segregation in work by the administration and its temporary workers. The request required each government agreement to incorporate the promise that "The Contractor won't oppress any worker or candidate for business due to race, statement of faith, shading, or national starting point. The Contractor will make confirmed move, to guarantee that candidates are utilized, and that workers are treated during business, regardless of their race, doctrine, shading, or national origin." (QUOTE) Here just because the administration called for "affirmative action." Soon, from there on the Civil Rights Act of 1964 repeated and expanded the use of this standard with the Title VI, which announced that "No individual in the United States will, on the g round Or race, shading or national inception, be avoided from support in, be precluded the advantages from claiming, or be exposed to separation under any program or action accepting government budgetary assistance." But inside one year President Lyndon B. Johnson contended that reasonableness required in excess of a guarantee to unprejudiced treatment. In his 1965 initiation address at Howard University, he stated: "You don't take an individual who for quite a long time has been stumbled by chains and free him... ...us endeavor to review its long history of racial and sexual segregation, anyway in present day times and around forty years after the foundation of this arrangement, society is tormented with the issues of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is fundamental, regardless of whether it is an advantage or burden to society, and why it instigates rather then facilitates the nation’s inward problems after such a significant number of long stretches of having been as a result. In the accompanying sections the issues encompassing this discussion, for example, what is the meaning of governmental policy regarding minorities in society, how and why governmental policy regarding minorities in society was set up in any case, who is influenced by this approach, regardless of whether governmental policy regarding minorities in society is as yet vital in today’s society or if such arrangement ought to be discarded, and, at long last, potential goals to this pr edicament. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is the extension between changing the laws and changing the way of life. The extreme conservative would have us accept that ladies and non-white individuals procure less in light of the fact that we don't fill in as hard or we're not as brilliant. That basically isn't the situation. Laws have changed, yet segregation continues. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society just opens entryways, ladies and non-white individuals need to stroll through those entryways without anyone else.

Possible Explanations for the Moon Illusion

Possible Explanations for the Moon Illusion Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Possible Explanations for the Moon Illusion By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on July 29, 2019 Luca Libralato Photography / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Have you ever noticed how the moon looks bigger when it is on the horizon than it does when it is high in the sky? The moon often looks huge as it begins to peek up over the horizon, but hours later as you glance up into the night sky you will note that it now appears much smaller. This phenomenon is known as  the moon illusion. While the moon illusion is well known through human history and culture, researchers are still debating explanations for why it happens. Apparent Distance Theory According to this possible explanation for the moon illusion, depth perception plays an important role in how we see the moon at the horizon versus high in the sky. This theory is centered on the idea that when you view the moon at the horizon, you are seeing it in the presence of depth cues such as trees, mountains, and other scenery. When the moon has moved higher into the sky, those depth cues disappear. Because of this, the apparent distance theory suggests, we tend to see the moon as further away on the horizon than we see it when it elevated in the sky. Researchers have found evidence supporting the apparent distance explanation. In one experiment, participants perceived the moon as farther away and 1.3 times larger when it was viewed over natural terrain. Experimenters then masked off the terrain by having participants view the moon through a hole in a piece of cardboard, which caused the moon illusion to vanish. Angular  Size-Contrast Theory This explanation focuses instead on the visual angle of the moon in comparison to surrounding objects. When the moon is on the horizon and surrounded by smaller objects, it appears larger. At its zenith, the moon appears much smaller because it is surrounded by the large expanse of the sky. Factors That Influence the Illusion While these are just two of the most prominent theories, there have been  many  different explanations proposed over the years and no true consensus exists. Part of the reason is that there are a number of factors that appear to influence the occurrence of this optical phenomenon, including: Color: When the moon appears red (due to smoke or dust in the air), it appears larger. Those who live in rural areas may notice this effect during harvest season when the horizon is often clouded with dust and other particulates.Atmospheric Perspective: When it is hazy or smoky outside, the moon appears larger on the horizon. After a forest fire or on a day when it seems particularly smoggy, you might notice that the moon illusion seems more pronounced.Visual Factors: Convergence of the eyes when viewing things on the horizon also causes objects to appear larger. As with other visual phenomena, it is possible that no single variable can adequately explain the moon illusion. Instead, it is possible that many different factors might play a role.

The Diary Of A Warrior - 1918 Words

Diary of a Warrior It was just any other day in the office that I work at. I got a call from my assistant at the front desk saying there was a student here and he wants to see me. I ask her what he wanted to see me for and she said he found an old war Diary of a warrior in Alexander the Greats army. When I heard this i didn’t believe it but I told my assistant to bring the student up. I heard a knock on the door and when I opened it, there was a kid holding a book that looked very old and ancient like. He handed me this book and asked me what I thought about it. I looked over it and saw that this diary was over a middle aged man during the classical Greece era who was in the army of Alexander the Great. I couldn’t believe what I was†¦show more content†¦Entry 2 I knew my mother would not like the fact that I would be going off to war but my father knew it was the right thing for me to do. My father knew it was the right thing for me to do because he knew I would be a great infantry man in the army. Because my dad thought this I did not want to let him down so I knew right there and then that I was going into the army and fighting for King Philip. Entry 3 Out of the blue we all got word that king Philip was assonated, when we heard this we all didn’t know what would happen. Then we learned that his son Alexander took over and he was going to lead people into war. So when I got called on to go into the army I did and we started to train. The training was very intense. It was nothing like I have experience before, right off the bat they told us if we did not die in batter we better be wounded because if not then we did not fight hard enough. Another part of our training was how to wield a sword and fight with a sword and shield. I have never done this before and I was super excited. I remember how heavy the sword and shield was and how easy it was to swing when you had the momentum going with it. After training for a couple of months we were ready to go into war and fight. Entry 4 In the spring of 334 B.C.E we entered the Asia Minor to attack and by the following spring we had conquered the entire western half of AsiaShow MoreRelatedLittle Rock Nine794 Words   |  3 PagesBeal’s Warriors Don’t Cry provides about the integration of Little Rock Central High School is the emotional toll that the integration brought on the students and their community. This is the most important piece of historical information provided by Warriors because it is told from a first person point of view, and it reveals how difficult it was for blacks and whites to accept integration and how far they were willing to go to put an end to it. In the beginning of Melba Patillo Beals, Warriors Don’tRead MoreThe Happy Warrior by Herbert Read1223 Words   |  5 Pagesabout what was to come next on the inside. Death was something that many soldiers accepted, even though no one wanted to encounter the man himself. One poem that relates to the war and how soldiers felt fighting in it is The Happy Warrior by Herbert Read. The Happy Warrior, a poem by Herbert Read, is an accurate depiction of how soldiers felt during the harsh times and realities of battle and war. World War I was a war fought between countries all over the world. Since it was a war, many livesRead MoreHow far do these sources suggest that young Henry VIII was an impressive figure as a king?1093 Words   |  5 Pagestaken from a personal diary of the king’s Chaplin, John Taylor in 1513; he was also a royal official. The source is likely to be accurate and reliable as it is a personal diary. John Taylor would have been recording what he sees and as it is personal, there is no need to lie. Therefore we can infer that source one is a reliable source, this lends weight to the strongest argument that Henry VII was an impressive figure as king. Henry tried to portray himself as a warrior king during his early reignRead MoreA Madmans Diary1217 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction A Madman’s Diary is China s first modern short story. The author Lu Xun has been well respected and regarded as one of the most well-known political figures in China (Goldman 446-461). Lu Xun has been praised as the warrior against traditional culture and feudal system. Unique narrative structure A Madman’s Diary is very special in its narrative structure. Its setup is very different from the traditional narration in that it avoids the use of classical Chinese. FurthermoreRead MoreWorld War I, Storm Of Steel1242 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: An overall smash hit distributed not long after the end of World War I, Storm of Steel is a diary of bewildering power, brutality, and gray lyricism. It enlightens the detestations as well as the interest of aggregate war, as seen through the eyes of a customary German warrior. Youthful, intense, devoted, additionally stunning mindful, Ernst Jà ¼nger celebrated in the Great War, which he saw as an awesome national clash as well as all the more imperatively as a special individual battleRead MoreMalaysia My Homeland1545 Words   |  7 Pagesbasis for any citizens to always feel the pride and happiness living in the country. As in Malaysia, we are very blessed because our country is the land of amazement making it’s easy for us to fall and stay in love with it. The amazing history of our warriors and the faces of inspirational youth and the bright future are among the top reason why many Malaysian are very proud to say Malaysia, my homeland! Boom! Boom! The eerie sounds of gunshots and bombs blowing up have always become the background ofRead MoreWarriors Dont Cry Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesIn her memoir Warriors Don’t Cry, Melba Pattillo Beals describes her experiences as she became one of the first nine black students educated in an integrated white school. She and her friends, who became known as the â€Å"Little Rock Nine†, elicited both support and criticism from their family members, friends, community members, military troops, in addition to the President of the United States. Melba’s experiences, while heartbreaking and sobering, highlight the strength to overcome that individualsRead MoreSherman Alexie s A Native American859 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween Victor’s economic issues and those living in any Native American reservation. This is not a message about resilience, but about the poverty and economical disadvantage Native Americans face every day. In a quote from his book The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Alexie speaks about the problem of poverty by writing, â€Å"Poverty doesn’t give you strength or teach you lessons about perseverance. No, poverty only teaches you how to be poor† (11). As Victor and Thomas’ journey develops, theRead MoreEssay Pres, Truman Atomic Bomb Decision1421 Words   |  6 Pagespersonally decided not to deploy it, especially if the war had dragged on with additional American casualties. Here is an entry from Trumans diary, I have to decide Japanese strategy - shall we invade Japan proper or shall we bomb and blockade? That is my hardest decision to date. But Ill make it when I have all the facts.(Ferrell) President Truman told his diary that he had ordered the bomb dropped on a purely military target, so that military objectives and soldiers the target and women and childrenRead MoreEssay about Melba Patillo Beals Warriors Dont Cry1249 Words   |  5 PagesWarriors Dont Cry : Searing Memoir of Battle to Integrate Little Rock The Brown vs. Board of Education Doctrine states, â€Å" We conclude in the field of Education the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal† has no place separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth

India Technological University For Projects - 1702 Words

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are utmost thankful to Gujarat Technological University for including projects in our curriculum. We as students have learned a lot and will continue doing so for the rest of the time period of the project. Thanks to our internal guide Prof. Parita Giri for a search-light guidance in our project. They helped us quite for project and report both. Special thanks to our HOD C.D. Kotawal for opening up a new way of seeing things and doing projects. With his unflinching directions and clear mind he illuminated us. And last but not the least our parents and friends for their patience, love and care while we dragged through this venture. For standing by us in toughest of time, we thank them. Above all, to GOD, almighty, we bow and lay down our sincere prayers and thank him. ABSTRACT The project is designed to minimize penalty for industrial units by using automatic power factor correction unit with the help of zig-bee. Power factor is defined as the ratio of real power to apparent power. This definition is often mathematically represented as KW/KVA, where the numerator is the active (real) power and the denominator is the (active + reactive) or apparent power. Reactive power is the non working power generated by the magnetic and inductive loads, to generate magnetic flux. The increase in reactive power increases the apparent power, so the power factor also decreases. Having low power factor, the industry needsShow MoreRelatedA Project Report On India Technological University1258 Words   |  6 PagesGUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (GTU) NOBLE GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS Affiliated with GTU A Project Report On â€Å"FACTs BY SVC† Prepared as a part of the requirements for the subject of PROJECT-I B.E., Semester – VII ( Electrical ) Submitted by: Sr. Name of student Enrollment No. 1. 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How Does Phonics Develop Early Reading Free Essays

How does phonics develop early reading and how should phonics be taught? The most important skill any child can leave primary school with is the ability to read independently and effectively for meaning. ’ (DFE National Literacy Strategy) Reading has become an integral part of our lives; within the world we live in today we rely heavily on information and environmental text. It is important that from an early age Children are immersed in books everyday. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Phonics Develop Early Reading? or any similar topic only for you Order Now With parents reading short stories to there children daily it will be inevitable that those children will stand a better chance at becoming stronger fluent readers. However distractions at home can have a detrimental affect on children’s development in reading as parents may not have enough time to help this. Many subjects rely on access to texts and an holdup or absence in basic literacy skills will effect progress in these areas. Phonics is â€Å"a method of teaching people to read by correlating sounds with symbols in an alphabetic writing system. (Oxford Dictionaries) Phonics is not something new and has been used in schools to help children learn and read since the â€Å"mid nineteenth century† (Browne 2011, 27) Although it had become less significant within schools during 1950’s it has continued to appear in practice within schools since. Within this essay I will be looking into the role of Phonics within teaching children to read while also looking at the different phonic systems in place and choosing the most effective one. I will be talking about the theory I have learned as well as my experience in schools while on placement with my foundation two class. There are two methods of teaching phonics in the classroom both Synthetic Phonics and Analytical Phonics. I will be concentrating more on Synthetic Phonics as it is considered to be â€Å"the best method for teaching reading. † (DfE 2010, p11) Children are taught to read and spell during the same period. They are taught the individual correspondences between sounds that are known as phonemes and written letters, which are known as graphemes. An example of this would be h-a-t = hat. They can also use this technique to pull apart those sounds that would help with spelling of words. For example hat = h-a-t. (Rowlingson) Whereas Analytical phonics is the complete opposite as they will start with a whole word and analyse a part of it. â€Å"In English there are 44 sounds (Phonemes) which are written using 26 letters of the alphabet† (Browne 2011, p27) There are many more Graphemes than Phonemes with most phonemes being represented by a number of different graphemes. Synthetic phonics can be taught in many ways. The Primary Framework for Literacy (DfES, 2006a) gives a progressive plan on how to teach phonics. I found during my time with Foundation year 2’s the teacher I was working with concentrated on implementing four new letters every week as well as recapping what they had learnt from the previous week. I asked her if it worked well and she certainly seemed to think so. Before she would be doing a new letter a day, although this would allow her to teach at a good pace she noticed the children were struggling to remember all the letters and sounds they would learn. Because of this she had to revise the way she was teaching the phonics to go at a pace the children were comfortable with. She revised her plan so that every day her children would recap over the letters they had previously been taught. I noticed that however much planning was in place that it was always best to go by how the children would cope and over time you will become familiar with the class you are working with and this will come naturally. Once the alphabetic code has been taught you will advance to more complex graphemes and simple consonant-vowel-consonant words to much more complex CVC words. This will give the children a good understanding of being able to read and write these. It also allows them to then combine what they have learnt from the sounds into whole words. This however doesn’t always work with all words that are known as ‘phonically irregular’ also known as ‘tricky words’ as they do not comply to the phonics rules that are being taught. An example of this will be l-i-g-h-t, which clearly won’t make much sense when viewed from a phonics point of view. These words will be learnt by rote, which is a memorizing process using repetition where the teacher feels appropriate based on how successful the child is at reading. By understanding these procedures of reading it is possible to decode entirely unfamiliar words. From my experience within my Foundation year two class I learnt that it was important to keep the phonics lessons short, with around thirty minutes a day dedicated to this. Some people may believe that because it was only a short period of time to cover phonics the lesson will be very restricted with the children having to take in all the information they are being given by the teacher with no participation. While being on placement I witnessed first hand exactly what happens in the typical Phonics lesson; it would start with ‘Fast phonics first’ where the children would watch a musical animation of the alphabet being sang out with the children engaging and singing along. The lesson then covers what the children had learnt the previous week in a short recap while then covering the new letters. This can be done in many ways. The teacher often puts the new letter on the interactive board and plays magic finger which sees the children watch the letter being drawn in the air with her finger and gets the children to copy this and then write this down on there own individual whiteboards which keeps them involved. This way it allows the children to experience an engaging lesson that they will remember, its also important that the teacher recaps on the letters the following day so that the children will keep the letters in there minds much longer. Over my six weeks I saw that the lessons would get gradually harder which follows what The Primary Framework Literacy (DfES,2006a) plan states. The diagraphs such as consonant diagraphs where two consonants join together to produce a single sound the most popular being â€Å"ch† â€Å"sh† and â€Å"th† Vowel diagraphs can also be used such as â€Å"ai† â€Å"ea† and â€Å"oo† etc by using these as well as CVC words it will help with the children’s understanding and knowledge of reading. A structure is very important when teaching Phonics and in Jim Rose’s independent review of the teaching of early reading many people agree with this. The review itself was conducted during 2005 with Jim Rose publishing his discovery early the following year. He talks about how phonics should be taught at the age of 5 years from foundation until year 2 and beyond. It should be Systematic carefully planned and progressive which fits well to my observations while on placement. It should also be taught discretely daily at a brisk pace with the main point being that children are learning to decode and encode print. The key point from this Rose review however is that â€Å"it is part of a broad, rich curriculum† Meaning it should be used in all areas of teaching the children and not something that is separate. Another scheme would be that of Michael Gove Secretary of state for education who stated â€Å"A solid foundation in reading is crucial to a child’s success as they progress through primary school, into secondary school and then in later life† (Michael Gove 2012) He talks about how expected reading levels of ages 7 and 11 are simply not achieving with the government are looking to raise the standard of reading in the early years of primary school, his idea is that he wants children to read to learn information rather than reading to learn to read. We are determined to raise literacy standards in our schools, especially of those not achieving the expected level – a light-touch phonics-based check will provide reassurance that children in Year 1 have learned this important skill, will enable us to pinpoint those who are struggling at an early age and will give them the help they need before it is too late. (Michael Gove 2012) Systematic Synthetic Phonics is an extr emely valuable program that works effectively within the reading and writing of children’s lives however It should be used alongside other strategies such as analytical I briefly mentioned earlier this is because every child is different and just because something works well for one child doesn’t always mean it’s the same for every child. With other strategies it will help every child no matter what the ability maybe. By using more than one program, most topics will be covered that suit the child. â€Å"Phonic knowledge can be taught in many ways† (DfES,2006a). Word Count – 1490 How to cite How Does Phonics Develop Early Reading?, Essay examples

What is involved in pilgrimage Essay Example

What is involved in pilgrimage Essay What is involved in pilgrimage? Illustrate the differing approaches to pilgrimage by referring to 2 or more places of pilgrimage.The word Pilgrimage means the journey to a holy place. Pilgrimages are found in all of the religions in the world. Islams go to Makkah, Hindus go to Benares on the River Gange, Buddhas go to Bodhgaya, Sikhs go to Amritsar and Jews and Christians go to Jerusalem. There are many different reasons people go on Pilgrimage. Some people go to feel the holiness of a place. Some go to come closer to God or to seek his forgiveness. Others go to show their devotion to God, it is a commitment in their Religion. Another reason they go is to seek Gods help. This could be in a physical way, a healing or cure from a disease, or in a more spiritual way.Pilgrimage is not a new idea. In Genesis 47:9 it saysAnd Jacob said unto Pharaoh, The days of the years of my pilgrimage are an hundred and thirty years: few and evil have the days of the years of my life been, and have not attained unto the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage.One of the main places of Christian pilgrimage is Lourdes. In February 1858, Bernadette Soubirous, the sickly daughter of a poor miller was collecting fire wood with her sister and a friend near a cave called Massabielle, on the outskirts Lourdes, which was then a small unknown French Pyrenean town.Bernadettes sister and her friend crossed the nearby stream to pick up more wood, but Bernadette stayed on the side of the grotto, afraid she may catch a chill from crossing through the cold water. While the others were gone, Bernadette prayed the Rosary and saw the first of 18 apparitions of Mary, Christs mother. In one of these visions she told Bernadette to drink at the spring Bernadette scrapped at the ground where the lady pointed and unearthed the spring which people the world over now come to bathe in, in the hope that their faith in God will bring them healing from the ailments which aff lict them.Lourdes is a huge Pilgrimage base. Over 2 million people visit it a year. During the pilgrimage many different events take place. There are special masses, candlelight processions in the dark and many different youth activities. There is a special Lourdes hymn that is sung during all of these. The main attraction to Lourdes is the healing springs. Millions of people bathe in these springs each year. These waters have special healing powers and thousands of healings have taken place. These can range from physical healings, healing broken bones and disabilities, to spiritual healings, strengthening peoples faith in God. Lots of people bottle the water and take it home for those who couldnt make the pilgrimage. Pilgrims can also visit the Grotto. This is where Bernadette had her visions. Here people experience a feeling of peacefulness and calm. Gods presence is very strong here. Another special event at Lourdes is the Baths. Here pilgrims where special robes and bathe in hol y water. When they are finished they get out and without drying they get into their clothes.Another place for Roman Catholic pilgrimage is Rome. Rome is the centre of the Roman Catholic Church. Millions of Catholics visit here each year. There were 7 pilgrim churches founded when the Roman Empire became Christian and there is a pilgrimage travelling the route to these churches. The Emperor Constantine built St Peters church which contains the tomb of St Peter and the church of St Paul over St Pauls tomb. There are pilgrimages to these as well. Many Catholics also visit Rome because it is where the Pope LIVES. The current Pope gives a mass every Easter and Christmas. This is extremely popular and lots of Catholics attend.AO2Explain the part pilgrimage plays in the religious life of Christians. In your answer include reference to the pilgrimages you have mentioned above.The idea of a special journey is not a new idea. The first pilgrimages would have been people climbing to the top of hills to be closer to God, or their Gods back then. In Judaism one of the great spiritual discoveries is that we are all pilgrims, strangers seeking God. The idea of Pilgrimage goes back to the beginning of Christianity as well. The Disciples all followed Jesus to get closer to him and God.There are many different reasons why people go on pilgrimages. One reason is that they fell a requirement to because of their Religion. All Muslims must travel to Mecca once in their life. Sometimes people save up for decades so that they can afford to go. For these Pilgrims their Pilgrimage is a religious accomplishment. It is one of the five pillars of Islam; it is something they have to do in their life.Another reason some people go on Pilgrimage is to learn more about their faith or to visit places in the bible. A visit to Rome or to the Holy Land gives a person greater awareness of their faith and its history which in turn helps their faith and understanding. They can do it to see places in Jesus life, helping them understand his life better. Seeing the places where certain bible events happened may help them understand it better.Some people go on pilgrimage for a healing. This can be physical or spiritual. The main place they would go for this is Lourdes due to the huge amount of recorded healings. People would go on this Pilgrimage so they could bathe in the special waters Bernadette uncovered.Other people go on Pilgrimages to get closer to God. They may have a damaged or inexistent religious life and they feel a need to mend it. They would go to try to discover God for themselves, get closer and deepen their relationship. People who have bathed in the waters at Lourdes have also experienced religious healings rather than physical ones. People have gone hoping for physical healings and havent got them, but have claimed they can accept their illness now. This is what deepening their relationship with God is.Some people go on Pilgrimages as a devotion to a religious pe rson or a Saint. Some people feel a particular devotion to Mary if they feel she has helped them in their life. These people may travel to Lourdes as a devotion to her.A different reason why people go on Pilgrimage is as penance. If they feel they have been particularly bad or done a really awful sin they will go on Pilgrimage as a penance to God, begging for forgiveness. This happened a lot in ancient times, where people would go on long, treacherous journeys so that they would be forgiven of their sins.Praying for a certain person is another reason to go on Pilgrimage. If someone close to them is very ill or has a big life changing decision ahead of them then they may go on pilgrimage to pray for them.Some Christians believe that their whole life is a pilgrimage that is leading them towards God. They believe their experiences are teaching them about God and helping them to become closer to Him.AO3Places of pilgrimage tend to be very commercialised these days. This is bound to redu ce the value of the pilgrimage for Christians. Do you agree? Give reasons showing you have considered more than one point of view.Nowadays places of Pilgrimage tend to be very commercialised. If you search for Lourdes on the internet then you get hundreds of hotels giving you the best deal. Shops are all offering to sell you official Lourdes merchandise. You can but ashtrays, pens, and lighters, anything inscribed with Lourdes. There are hundreds of different coaches offering to take you on wonderful tours of the place. There are shops, bars, and cafes all hoping to squeeze every last penny out of the Pilgrims. This isnt just Lourdes though, this can be said for Jerusalem, Rome and any other Pilgrimage base. Does all this commercialisation take away the effect of the place for Christians?A lot of Christians would say that the commercialisation does take away the effect of the place. They would say that a lot of money is being made at the expense of religion, and this is wrong. Becau se these places are commercialised, they often attract tourists and noise is created. This noise distracts people and takes the emphasis of the place they are in away from them. It also takes the emphasis of religion away. This commercialisation has turned religious Pilgrimage bases into normal holiday resorts. A Pilgrim who went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land said this of bathing in the Dead Sea, a unique experience indeed as was advertised on the notice, but spoiled a bit for me by the large numbers of tourists.But some Christians would disagree with this. If it werent for commercialisation, pilgrimage would still be at its medieval stage and pilgrims would travel on horseback for months on end to cross the borders into far away cities. Nowadays, the ancient style of pilgrimage is just seen as inconvenient. Travelling and accommodation today is now all commercialised and this wouldnt exist if it werent for it. In ancient times, the pilgrimage was a dangerous journey, but nowaday s the biggest risk is the possibility of getting slight jet lag. To stay in a comfortable hotel and to fly to a pilgrimage site is a more luxurious experience, making you more relaxed, putting you in a happier state of mind. If you feel happier then this will bring you closer to God. Buying a souvenir of your pilgrimage is also something many people wish to do. They like to have something they can look at and it reminds them of the place and their journey. Surely this cannot be a bad thing.I believe that commercialisation is not a bad thing. It makes the whole process easier and more convenient for all Pilgrims. It is nice for them to be comfortable when they are at their pilgrimage in a nice hotel. It is good that they can relax in the restaurants and cafes. There is a point where commercialisation goes a bit too far though. When there are stalls set up along pilgrimage paths selling lighters and ashtrays inscribed with the name it is not good. It is nice to have a small souvenir b ut when the name is put on any cheap rubbish it is wrong.